Qalqalah tajweed is defined linguistically as stirring and disturbance, and in terminology, it means disturbance of the letter in its articulation when pronouncing it silently until a strong tone is heard.
Tajweed rules qalqalah is accompanied by an extra strong sound when pronouncing one of its letters in the wasl and waqf, and the sound in the waqf is clearer than in the wasl, and qalqalah tajweed rules are also described as the intensity of the sound.
Imam Ibn Al-Jazari – may Allah have mercy on him – defined Qalqala as the appearance of a sound resembling a tone when the qalqalah letters are silent in the waqf and others.
To increase the completion of their pronunciation, so we will learn about the tajweed qalqalah letters and what is related to them through our article today.
what are qalqalah letters?
Tajweed qalqalah letters are five: Al-Qaf/ق, Al-Taa’/ط, Al-Ba’a/ب, Al-Jim/ج, and Al-Dal/د, and to facilitate memorization, they are combined in our saying: (قطب جد). And The letter Taa/ط is the strongest letter in Qalqalah.
In terms of its strength, tajweed qalqalah is divided into three sections, which are as follows:
- Aal Qalqalah(the top): And that is in the letter Ta’a, like the word “نطْفة”, “أنطْعم”.
- Awsat of Qalqalah(the middle): This is in the letter Jim, like the word “أجْر”, “تجْري”.
- Adna of the Qalqalah( the latest): This is in the letters Qaf, Baa’, and Dal. Examples of this are: مقْمحون “” “خلقْنا” “لقدْ” “ادْخل” and “يبْصرون”.
It should be noted that the reason for the qalqalah being in these letters and not others is due to the combination of the two qualities of loudness and intensity in each of these letters.
As the loudness adjective prevents the flow of breath, and the whisper adjective prevents the flow of the sound.
And this in turn makes pronouncing the letter and producing its voice affective and difficult, so It was necessary to follow the sound of these letters in a light voice to help pronounce them.
what types of Qalqalah?
Tajweed scholars have divided tajweed rules qalqalah in terms of showing the strength of the letter in it into three sections, namely: akbar- kubrah- sughrah, and The following is a statement of the types of qalqalah:
1- Qalqalah Al akbr: when the letter qalqalah is extreme and stressed, and a stop is made on it, and these are the most obvious qalqala, such as:
(لحُبِّ)، (الحقُّ)، (تبَّ)، (الجبِّ)، (الحجُّ)
2- Al-Qalqala Al-Kubra, when the letter Al-Qalqalah is an extreme vowel and has been paused on, so the display of the Qalqalah is less than the previous rank, such as:
(الموعودِ)، (مشهودٍ)، (الأخدودِ)، (الوقودِ)، (الحميدِ)، (الحريقِ)، (مُحيطٌ).
3- Qalqalah sughra: This is the lowest degree of Qalqala, and it is when the letter Qalqala comes in the middle or at the end of the word, but it is still in an original sukoon, such as:
(خلقْنا)، (قطْمير)، (عبْدًا)، (واجْتباه)، (يدْخلون)، (هبْ)، (ادْخلوا)، (بطْش)، (يبْدئ)، (حبْل)، (تحبطْ)، (خبْرًا)، (أدْراك)، (النجْم)، (تبْلى)، (إقْرأ)، (ليطْغى)، (يبْتغون)، (شطْئه)، (يبْخل)، (يستبْدل)، (تدْعوا)، (أعتدْنا)، (انطلقْتم)، (قبْل)، (تقْدروا)، (تبْديلا)، (يعذبْه)، (الهدْي)، (أجْرا)، (تجْهروا)
what are examples of qalqalah in the quran?
The number of tajweed qalqalah letters letters is five letters, and the scholars of Tajweed collected them in the word “قطب جد” These letters will be mentioned in what follows, along with some examples of them from the verses of the Holy Qur’an, and as follows:
1-Qaf letter:
{إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ أَغْلالاً فَهِيَ إِلَى الأَذْقَانِ فَهُم مُّقْمَحُونَ}.
{وَخَلَقْنَا لَهُم مِّن مِّثْلِهِ مَا يَرْكَبُونَ}.
{أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا خَلَقْنَا لَهُمْ مِمَّا عَمِلَتْ أَيْدِينَا أَنْعَامًا فَهُمْ لَهَا مَالِكُونَ}.
2-Taa letter:
{وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ أَنفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمْ اللهُ قَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنُطْعِمُ مَن لَّوْ يَشَاء اللهُ أَطْعَمَهُ إِنْ أَنتُمْ إِلاَّ فِي ضَلالٍ مُّبِينٍ}.
{أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الإِنسَانُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ خَصِيمٌ مُّبِينٌ}.
{إِذْ قَالَتِ امْرَأَةُ عِمْرَانَ رَبِّ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لَكَ مَا فِي بَطْنِي مُحَرَّرًا فَتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّي إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ}.
3-Baa letter:
{وَجَعَلْنَا مِن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ سَدًّا وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ سَدًّا فَأَغْشَيْنَاهُمْ فَهُمْ لاَ يُبْصِرُونَ}.
{وَاضْرِبْ لَهُم مَّثَلاً أَصْحَابَ الْقَرْيَةِ إِذْ جَاءَهَا الْمُرْسَلُونَ}.
{سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ الأَزْوَاجَ كُلَّهَا مِمَّا تُنبِتُ الأَرْضُ وَمِنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَمِمَّا لا يَعْلَمُونَ}.
{رَبَّنَا لاَ تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا وَهَبْ لَنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ رَحْمَةً إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْوَهَّابُ}.
4-Jeem letter:
{إِنَّمَا تُنذِرُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الذِّكْرَ وَخَشِيَ الرَّحْمَن بِالْغَيْبِ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِمَغْفِرَةٍ وَأَجْرٍ كَرِيمٍ}.
{وَآيَةٌ لَّهُمُ الأَرْضُ الْمَيْتَةُ أَحْيَيْنَاهَا وَأَخْرَجْنَا مِنْهَا حَبًّا فَمِنْهُ يَأْكُلُونَ}.
{وَالشَّمْسُ تَجْرِي لِمُسْتَقَرٍّ لَّهَا ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ}.
{قُلْ أَؤُنَبِّئُكُم بِخَيْرٍ مِّن ذَلِكُمْ لِلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَأَزْوَاجٌ مُّطَهَّرَةٌ وَرِضْوَانٌ مِّنَ اللهِ وَاللهُ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ}.
5-Dal letter:
{لَقَدْ حَقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى أَكْثَرِهِمْ فَهُمْ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ}.
{أَأَتَّخِذُ مِن دُونِهِ آلِهَةً إِن يُرِدْنِ الرَّحْمَن بِضُرٍّ لاَّ تُغْنِ عَنِّي شَفَاعَتُهُمْ شَيْئًا وَلاَ يُنقِذُونِ}.
{قِيلَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ قَوْمِي يَعْلَمُونَ}.
{قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنصَارُ اللهِ آمَنَّا بِاللهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ}.
What are the 3 levels of Qalqalah?
Qalqalah tajweed is divided into three levels: Qalqalah kubra, Qalqalah wusta, and the Qalqala sughra, and the following is a statement and clarification of each rank.
1- Qalqalah kubra; It is when the letter Qalqalah, whether it is Qaf, Taa, Baa, Jim, or Dal, comes with a stressor and an extreme at the end of the word, and the endowment is made on it, towards:
الحقّ، الجبّ، الحجّ، مدّ، وتبّ
2- Qalqalah wusta; It is when the letter Qalqalah, whether it is Qaf, Taa, Baa, Jim, or Dal, comes at the end of the word, but it is not stressed and it is taken to stand on it, towards:
حرج، محيط، العذاب، تحيد
3- Qalqalah sughrah; It is when the letter Qalqalah, whether it is Qaf, Taa’, Baa’, Jeem, or Daal comes silently in the middle of the word, towards:
أفتطْمعون، عدْن، ابْتغاء، بقدْر، مطْلع، يجْتنبون
What is the condition for Qalqalah?
Scholars differed in the ranks of qalqalah tajweed in the science of Tajweed on several sayings. Some of them made it two ranks: kubrah in waqf and sughra in wasl.
And some of them said that it is three levels: kubrah when standing on a stressed letter, wustah when standing on a non-stressed letter, and sughrah when connecting.
Some of them added to these three ranks a fourth rank, which is for the vowel letter, considering the existence of the origin of the qalqalah in it.
Moreover, the ranks of qalqalah must be taken into account in the science of Tajweed when reciting the Holy Qur’an and taken care of.
Due to its great impact in improving reading and thus increasing the ability to contemplate and understand the meanings of the verses of the Book of Allah.
How do you memorize Qalqalah letters?
The number of tajweed qalqalah letters is five, which are (Q, Ta, B, J, D) collected by Imam Ibn Al-Jazari in the word (قطب جد).
The strongest letters of qalqalah are the letter Taa’, then jim, then the rest of the letters. The letter qalqalah is reduced if it is in the middle or at the end of the word
such as:
(خلقْنا)، (قطْمير)، (عبْدًا)، (واجْتبا، يدْخلون)
Or it is extreme at the end of the word, moving and standing on it, such as:
(الحريقَ)، (محيطٌ)، (قريبٌ)، (البروجِ)، (مجيدٌ)
Or stressed, so it is calm when standing on it, and it is most disturbing when it is stressed when standing on it, such as:
(الحقُّ)، (تبَّ)، (الجبِّ)، (الحجُّ).
As for how to pronounce qalqalah letters, there are many opinions of scholars on how to pronounce Qalqala as follows.
It was reported by some Tajweed scholars that it is always and ever closer to opening. It was said by some Tajweed scholars that the consonant letter Qalqalah follows the preceding one.
If the letter before it is maksour, it will be kasrah, such as (اقرأ), (قِطْمير), (يعذِّبْه), and if the letter before it is maftouh, it will be fatha.
Such as (يَدْخلون), (بَطْش), (حَبْل), and if the letter before it is madmoum it will ba dama, as (تُبْلى), (خُبْرا), (يُبْدئ), and this saying is likely, but it was mistaken by some scholars.
what are Qalqalah kubra and Qalqalah sughra with examples?
Qalqalah tajweed rules are the strength and intensity of the disturbance of the movement of the sound when pronouncing it in a state of silence, and the letter is in its exit so that we can hear a strong tone of it, and it consists of five letters grouped in the word “قطب جد”.
These letters are called al-Qalqala because of the disturbance of the tongue in the mouth when pronouncing them.
Tajweed rules qalqalah is divided into two parts, al-Qalqala al-Sughra and al-Qalqala al-Kubra, and this statement clarifies their concept.
Al-Qalqalah Al-Sughra is that it is one of the letters of Al-Qalqa, which is; Qaf, Taa, Baa, Jaim, and Dal are in the case of sukoon and are located in the middle of the word.
And examples of them are in His saying – the Almighty -: (وَإِن كُنتُمْ فِي رَيْبٍ مِّمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا), the place of qalqalah came in His saying: (عَبْدِنَا), the letter Baa is inhabited in the middle of the word.
Al-Qalqalah Al-Kubra is that it is one of the letters of Al-Qalqa, which is; Qaf, Taa, Baa, Jim, and Dal are in the state of sukoon and it falls here at the end of the word.
And its sukoon can be accidental, because of the standing on it and its example in His saying – the Most High -: (وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ)
The skoon in the word خَلَاقٍ.
Its sukoon may be original, and one of the examples of it is in His saying – in Surat At-Tin:
(لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ فِي أَحْسَنِ تَقْوِيمٍ),
and the original sukoon came in the word لَقَدْ, and it was also mentioned in His saying:
(لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ بَعَثَ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ).
Also in the Holy Qur’an, many examples of the qalqalah are evident in the Holy Qur’an, such as:
(وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ وَالْجُوعِ وَنَقْصٍ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَنْفُسِ).
The subject of the tajweed qalqalah came in His saying – the Almighty -: (وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ), the type of qalqlah; Qalqalah Sughra came in the middle of the word in the letter Baa.
Allah said -: (فَحَقَّ عَلَيْنَا قَوْلُ رَبِّنَا ۖ إِنَّا لَذَائِقُونَ),the subject of qalqalah came in His saying: (فَحَقَّ), the type of Qalqala is Qalqalah sughrah in the letter Qaf when standing on it.
Allah said -: (وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ), the place of qalqalah came in his saying: (أَقْرَبُ), and his saying: (حَبْلِ), the type of qalqalah is qalqalah sughrah, where the letter came to be silent in the middle of the word.
Allah said: (لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ) have disbelieved.The place of qalqalah came in the word “لَقَدْ،”, and the type of turbulence is a major turbulence that came at the end of the word, and the type of sukoon on the letter “dal” is sukoon asly.
Allah said in Surat Taha: (فَسَتَعْلَمُونَ مَنْ أَصْحَابُ الصِّرَاطِ السَّوِيِّ وَمَنِ اهْتَدَىٰ), the place of qalqalah came in the word الصِّرَاطِ،, and the type of qalqalah is a qalqalah sughrah that came at the end of the word.
And the type of sukoon in the letter ta is an sukoon arid,as we mentioned in the definition of the qalqalah sughra Its letters must be consonants, but the vowel taa’ was maksourah because of the sukoon arid.
Allah said -: (يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ), the place of qalqalah came in the word they يَجْعَلُونَ, and the type of qalqalah is qalqalah sughra where the consonant letter j came in the middle of the word.
Conclusion
Qalqalah tajweed is one of the very important provisions of Tajweed, which the reader should observe while reciting the Qur’an, and the tajweed rules qalqalah is also divided into three parts, which we have mentioned in detail.
